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Located within the cylinder block, the inside of the cylinder liner constitutes the combustion chamber of the engine. There are a variety of liners, including wet liners whose external circumference is directly exposed to cooling water, dry liners which are fitted into machined cylinder blocks, and aluminum cast-in liners whose inner periphery is machined after being cast into aluminum blocks.
As with piston rings, the development of cylinder liners is now being pursued through liner-piston ring combination techniques in order to meet the CO2, NOX, PM, and other emission control standards as well as the requirement for higher fuel efficiency (reduction in weight).